NO.1 Umsuka wemitha yamanzi
Amamitha wamanzi avela eYurophu. Ngo-1825, uKlaus waseBrithani wasungula imitha yamanzi ebhalansi enezici zensimbi yangempela, kwalandelwa ukubuyisela imitha elilodwa lamanzi wamapiston, imitha yamanzi enamamitha amaningi e-jet vane imitha yamanzi yohlobo lwe-helical.
Ukusetshenziswa nokukhiqizwa kwamamitha wamanzi eChina kwaqala sekwedlule isikhathi. Ngo-1879, isitshalo sokuqala samanzi saseChina sazalwa eLushunkou. Ngo-1883, osomabhizinisi baseBrithani basungula isitshalo samanzi sesibili eShanghai, futhi amamitha wamanzi aqala ukwethulwa eChina. Ngawo-1990, ezomnotho zaseChina zaqhubeka nokukhula ngesivinini esikhulu, imboni yemitha yamanzi nayo yathuthuka ngokushesha, inani lamabhizinisi nokukhishwa okuphelele kwaphindwa kabili, ngasikhathi sinye, amamitha ahlukahlukene ahlakaniphile wamanzi, uhlelo lokufunda imitha lamanzi neminye imikhiqizo yaqala ukuphakama.
NO.2 Imitha yamanzi yemishini nemitha yamanzi ehlakaniphile
Imitha yamanzi yemishini
Imitha lamanzi elisetshenziswayo lisetshenziselwa ukukala ngokuqhubekayo, ngekhanda kanye nokuveza umthamo wamanzi ageleza ngepayipi lokulinganisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilinganisiwe. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sakhiwe kakhuluumzimba we-mete, ikhava, imishini yokulinganisa, indlela yokubala, njll.
Imitha yamanzi yemishini, eyaziwa nangokuthi imitha lamanzi yendabuko, uhlobo lwemitha yamanzi esetshenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi. Ngobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, intengo ephansi nokunemba kokulinganisa okuphezulu, imitha yamanzi ewumshini isesikhundleni esibalulekile ekuthandweni kwanamuhla okwandile kwemitha yamanzi ehlakaniphile.
Imitha yamanzi ehlakaniphile
Imitha yamanzi ehlakaniphile uhlobo olusha lwamamitha wamanzi olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-microelectronics, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bezinzwa nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bekhadi le-IC ukukala ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukudlulisa imininingwane yamanzi nokuxazulula ama-akhawunti. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemitha lamanzi lendabuko, elinomsebenzi wokuqoqwa kokugeleza nokukhonjiswa kwesikhombi sokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kuyinqubekela phambili enkulu.
Imitha yamanzi ehlakaniphile inemisebenzi enamandla, efana nokukhokha kusengaphambili, i-alamu yebhalansi enganele, akukho ukufundwa kwemitha mathupha. Ngaphandle kokuqopha nokubonisa ngogesi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kungalawula nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokwesivumelwano, futhi kuqedele ngokuzenzakalela ukubalwa kokukhokhiswa kwamanzi kwentengo yamanzi esinyathelo, futhi kungagcina imininingwane yamanzi ngasikhathi sinye.
NO.3 Ukwahlukaniswa kwezakhiwo zamamitha amanzi
Kuhlukaniswe njengemisebenzi.
imitha yamanzi yombango kanye nemitha yamanzi ezimboni
Ngokushisa
Ihlukaniswe ngamamitha wamanzi abandayo nemitha yamanzi ashisayo.
Ngokuya ngamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo, ingahlukaniswa ibe yimitha yamanzi abandayo nemitha yamanzi ashisayo
(1) Imitha yamanzi abandayo: izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomkhawulo liphakathi kuka-0 temperature kanti izinga lokushisa elingenamkhawulo lingu-30 ℃.
(2) Imitha yamanzi ashisayo: imitha yamanzi enezinga lokushisa eliphansi eliphakathi nendawo elingama-30 ℃ nomkhawulo ongaphezulu we-90 ℃ noma i-130 ℃ noma i-180 ℃.
Izidingo zamazwe ahlukene zihluke kancane, amanye amazwe angafinyelela kumkhawulo ongaphezulu wama-50 degrees Celsius.
Ngokucindezelwa
Ihlukaniswe yaba imitha ejwayelekile yamanzi nemitha yamanzi enomfutho ophakeme.
Ngokuya ngengcindezi esetshenzisiwe, ingahlukaniswa ibe imitha ejwayelekile yamanzi nemitha yamanzi anomfutho ophakeme. E-China, ingcindezi yokuzisholo yemitha ejwayelekile yamanzi imvamisa i-1MPa. Imitha yamanzi acindezela kakhulu uhlobo lwemitha yamanzi enengcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu kune-1MPa. Isetshenziselwa ukukala umjovo wamanzi ongaphansi komhlaba namanye amanzi ezimboni ageleza ngamapayipi.
Cha. 4 Ukufundwa kwemitha yamanzi.
Iyunithi yokukala umthamo wamamitha wamanzi yi-cubic meter (M3). Ukubalwa kokufundwa kwemitha kuzorekhodwa kunani eliphelele lamamitha-cubic, kanti i-mantissa engaphansi kwe-1 cubic meter izofakwa emzuliswaneni olandelayo.
Isikhombi sikhonjiswa ngemibala ehlukene. Lezo ezinenani lokuhlukanisa elikhudlwana noma elilingana no-1 cubic meter zimnyama futhi kufanele zifundwe. Lawo angaphansi kwamamitha-cubic ayi-1 wonke abomvu. Lokhu kufundwa akudingeki.
Cha.5 Ingabe imitha yamanzi ingalungiswa yithi uqobo?
Noma iyiphi imitha yamanzi lapho kunezinkinga ezingejwayelekile, ayinakuhlukaniswa futhi ilungiswe ngaphandle kwemvume, abasebenzisi bangakhalaza ngqo ehhovisi lebhizinisi lenkampani yamanzi, futhi bathumele abasebenzi ukuba bayolungisa nenkampani yamanzi.
Isikhathi Iposi: Dec-25-2020